First: General Information about Turkey
Science
The capital, Ankara
The largest city of Istanbul
The official language Turkish
Regime
Head
– Prime Minister of the Republic of
Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Recep Tayyip Erdogan
Independence (proclamation of the Republic)
October 29, 1923
Area
– Total
– Water (%)
779.452 km (2 36)
1.3
Population
– Statistics in 2022
– Population density
68,109,469 (17)
86.2 / km 2 (-)
GNP
– GNP
– GDP per capita
$ 458,200,000,000 (_)
$ 6.700 ((((rankings of gross national product per capita))))
Currency YTL (TRY)
Time Difference
– Summer +2 (UTC)
+2 (UTC)
Online code. Tr
Calling code +90
——————–
Tourism
Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Turkish economy, especially in recent decades. Number of tourists reached 17,5 million tourists in 2022. German tourists constitute the largest proportion, followed by the Russians and Alanglez. Famous south coast beaches and the beauty of nature to the extent that the long-known as the Turkish Riviera Balrivira imitation of French.
——————–
Culture
Turkish culture is a mixture between the cultures of Turkey’s population. Because its roots to ancient cultures, Turkish, the Ottoman Islamic, Arabic, Byzantine, Persian and European. European culture and its support was entered after the establishment of Turkish Republic in 1923. Turkish Cultural Center is the city of Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey. Turks are the most important artists filmmaker Yilmaz Güney (Yılmaz Güney), poet, Orhan Veli (Orhan Veli), Nazim Hikmet (Nâzım Hikmet), book Yasser Kamal (Yaşar Kemal), Orhan Pamuk (Orhan Pamuk) and Aziz Nesin (Aziz Nesin). Famous singers music Turkish Youth (Türkpop) in the recent period such as Cezanne Aksu (Sezen Aksu), Tarkan (Tarkan) and Mustafa Sandal (Mustafa Sandal), Rafat Al Roman (rafet el roman). Turkey won the first position in the Eurovision Song Contest (Iorovigin) in 2022.
T-ART (TRT) is the largest network of TV channels and radio in the country owned by the State. Allowed by the government starting in 1990 the establishment of channels of TV and radio in particular, the most famous today are the networks: AT in (ATV), Shaw TV (Show TV), Star (Star), Guy T-ART (TGRT). D (kanalD)
Education
About 25% of the population of Turkey are in the age of compulsory education, which increased from five years of age reduce the age of eight in 1997. Students then enter the secondary stage consists of four years. Can now school students starting from the 2022/2005 school year, choose a second foreign language. Educational system is the Turkish school in general from a lack of resources and budget and the large number of school students. Economic gap between East and West in Turkey reflected on the educational status of the population of these areas. For example, there among the schools in the eastern regions containing fifty students in one class. School enrollment rate is about 93% of the total population under this category. The proportion of illiteracy among men and 6% among women 18% of the total population, according to statistics in 2000.
There are 53 public university and 24 private university is recognized in the country. Nearly two million students studying in Turkish universities, so they form 28% of the total number of students eligible for university study. A population of university teaching staff of about 77.100. Are monitored and management of higher education by the Higher Education Council (YÖK), which was established in 1981. The student who wants to supplement his university education in Turkey at a public university entrance exam performance of universities and the success which, in addition to his degree in secondary school certificate examination, it establishes the University and specialization consider. There are about 16 thousand foreign students study in Turkey, most of whom come from Central Asian countries, affected Turkish culture.
With most of Turkey’s population are Muslims, there is a government ban on wearing headscarves in schools and universities of Turkey. Application of this law was an extension of the Kemalist ideology that calls for a secular and to make schools and universities free of religious influence, at least technically. There is considerable opposition to this law, and special populations conservatives who see it as a restriction of their freedom of religion covered by the Turkish Constitution and has been repeatedly debated this topic
Industry and Agriculture
The most important industries in Turkey are textiles, food and beverages, electrical appliances, automobiles and chemicals. The most important mineral resources located on Turkish soil is coal, charcoal, iron, lead, zinc, copper and silver. Turkey is also one of the largest producers of chrome in the world. There is a small oil reserves in the southeast. Is cotton, tea, tobacco, olives, grapes, citrus, fruits, vegetables, grain, barley, the most important agricultural crops in the country. Turkey is one of the largest producers of hazelnuts in the world
Religion
Turkey condemns the majority of the population of the Islamic faith, according to official statistics, that is 99.8% of the population of the country. About 60-70% of them follow the Sunni sect, while approximately 20-30% belonging to the Alawite sect. It also condemns about 0,2%, and particularly Orthodox Christianity, Judaism and 0,04%. Christians make up about 20% of the population of the territory of present-day Turkey at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Article 24 of the Constitution in 1982 indicates that the issue of worship is a matter of individual personality. So do not have groups or religious organizations of any benefits unconstitutional. This position and the application of secularism in Turkey in spring of the Kemalist Thought, which was attributed to the founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk’s secular and that calls for separation of religion and state. Installations and Islamic clerics are their management by the Department of religious issues (Diyanet İşleri Bakanlığı). Employ about a hundred thousand Imam and muezzin, Shaykh al-advocacy, as the maintenance and construction of mosques. Is not supported organizations of other religions officially, but in return enjoy the freedom and self-managed work.
Population
The population of the Republic of Turkey approximately 70 million people, according to statistics in 2022. Demographic structure of Turkey is complex and made up of dozens of races, which are due the reasons it was formed under the Ottoman Empire, where the areas of influence include large tracts of Asia, Europe, Africa and the control of many peoples. </SPAN>No official statistics for the population along ethnic lines, because the Turkish government sees in Turkey a country of the Turks, regardless of their ethnic origins, who do not receive the acceptance of all minorities, especially Kurds. According to estimates in this regard, the largest collection of ethnic Turks of the population (about 70-80%), followed by the Kurds (20-30%), and then Alzazion (2-3%), Arabs (2%), Circassian (0,5% ) and Georgians (% 0,5). There are other minorities: Armenians, Greece, Assyria, Arameans, Bosnians, Albanians, Chechens, Bulgarians, to Azion and others. Is the minority Crimean, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Algaghazip, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Kazakh minorities of Turkey.
There are large communities of Turkey in the Diaspora, concentrated mostly in the European Union, where the Turks, for example, the largest foreign community in Germany, with a population of nearly four million people. </SPAN>There are also large communities of Turkey in the United States, Canada and Australia.
Geography
Main article: Geography of Turkey
Image space to Trkiyathblg Turkey’s land area is 779.452 km and 97% of them in Asia and the rest in Europe. Turkey to the west overlooking the Aegean Sea and south of the Mediterranean and north to the Black Sea. Shared borders eight countries, including Iraq and Syria.
Turkey, there are many sources of fresh water rivers and lakes. And more than one third of the area is agricultural land and forests cover more than a quarter of its territory. And has the highest mountains, many of Mount Ararat (5137 m). Turkey and controls several islands, mostly in the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean, the most important island Emrouz (279 square km). </SPAN>
والاهم الصوور:-


You could visit Istanbul for the shopping alone. [Copley] [Chris], or Covered Bazaar, the city’s ancient logical place to start. This houses a maze of streets and corridors of more than 4000 stores. Remember the name the days when each trade deal with a quarter of his own: chapel street, carpet sellers Street, the street from the [Eskulkp] makers. After the commercial center of the Old City, market the mall speaker with something to suit every taste and pocket.
Turkey makes the planes, carpets, the [World – renowned], ceramic brilliant [India – painted], copper and brass goods, Rkhvp Sea pipeline charming souvenirs and gifts. Gold jewelry in brilliantly lit cases blinds the [Pacers – B]. Skin and [black] represents the excellent quality of goods to buy relatively cheap. Provide [bedesten] old, in the heart of the market, a curious relic. Is [worth] paying through the interference of contracts in the hope of finding a fortune.
Transfer [soft] [Crysis] or Spice Market, behind the [Lenny] mosque [Iminono], you’re from the east to Tsoratk Sufism. Fills the enticing flavors of cinnamon, football, saffron, mint, thyme and every other conceivable herb and spice the air. Has become [Sultanahmet] another shopping mecca in the old city. Built Istanbul [Sntleri] [Crysis] (market of Istanbul Ffinelat) in the [18 w] century [Mehmet] [Effendi] [medersas], and the nearby [16 w] century [Kfrg] [teacher] b [Sunan] both display a chance to see craftsmen at work and to buy [wares] are. In the [have established] (old bazaar) of the Sultan [Ahmet] Mosque, a thriving shopping arcade makes shopping and sightseeing is very convenient.
Varies from upscale shops [Tkasm] – [Nicents] – [socially] areas with the chaos of the markets. On [Iisticll] [CDs], [Kmhoriuc] [CDs] and [Rumeli] [CDs], you can browse peacefully in the most fashionable shops that sell elegant fashions made from Turkey [high quality] tissues. Exquisite jewelry [as well as] carefully designed handbags and shoes can also be found. The [recently developed] [Galleria] has a shopping mall in [Otkoi] branches of the most elegant shops of Istanbul. Provide [Bahri] [CDs], [Bgdt] [CDs] and Capitol, on the Asian side, the same goods.
In Istanbul [flea market] is busy you can find a stunning goods, both old and new. Symptoms daily a new opportunity to pay about [Shffler] [Crysis] and [Snrlte] in the [oil] region. On Sunday, in [flea market] between [Shffler] and the Covered Bazaar, vendors reveal [wares] are on carts and blankets. [Horhor] [Crysis] compilation of shops that sells furniture of varying age and quality. The [flea market] in [Topkapi] region, on the [Kkourkma] [railway] in [Shnger], the [book] [Hmm] [railway] in [Ooscudr], in [Kdikoi] [Chris] [Dorj] region, and [Iminono] and [Thtkl], all open. After the drive, click [Bosphorus] on Sunday to stand between the [Boukdr] and [bed] to wander through another [Lively market].
المصادر والمراجع
قوقل
ويكييديا
موقع الفراشه النسائي
معهد الإمارات التعليمي ..